Stemming from the clinical presentation and our current understanding of the processes involved in intrusive memories, we propose a framework in which an intrusive memory comprises five component parts autobiographical (trauma) memory, involuntary recall, negative emotions, attention hijacking, and mental imagery. In particular, we focus on studies combining the trauma film paradigm with neuroimaging. Next, one mechanism of how to model intrusive memories in the laboratory, the trauma film paradigm, is examined. We first present an overview of the patient experience of intrusive memories and the neuroimaging studies that have investigated intrusive memories in PTSD patients. In particular, we know little about the brain mechanisms involved in why only some moments of the trauma return as intrusive memories while others do not. However, key questions, including those involving etiology, remain. Intrusive memories are a hallmark symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This hypothesis and theory paper presents a pragmatic framework to help bridge the clinical presentation and neuroscience of intrusive memories following psychological trauma.
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